Acid Rock Drainage (ARD)
nounPronunciation: /ˈæsɪd ˈrɑːk ˈdreɪnɪdʒ/
The oxidation of sulfide minerals exposed during mining that produces sulfuric acid and dissolved metals, creating highly acidic and contaminated runoff. This geochemical process occurs when pyrite and other sulfides contact water and oxygen in weathering environments.
Plain English
Mining runoff that becomes acidic and metal-rich when sulfide minerals oxidize after mine exposure.
Etymology & History
Usage
"The abandoned copper mine generated significant acid rock drainage with pH values below 3.0, requiring perpetual water treatment."
Style guide notes: Use ARD or AMD consistently within documents; define the acronym at first mention in technical reports.
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Related Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
What pH levels indicate problematic acid rock drainage?
ARD is typically considered problematic below pH 6.0, with severe cases dropping below pH 3.0 and requiring immediate treatment.
Can acid rock drainage be permanently stopped at abandoned mines?
Complete prevention is difficult; management focuses on water capture, treatment, and monitoring rather than permanent cessation.
Why Test Candidates on This?
ARD prediction and management are critical topics in mine reclamation planning and are routinely tested in professional certifications.
Required skill level: Mid