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Basic Technical IVT Commonly tested

Hypertonic stress

noun

Pronunciation: /ˌhaɪpərˈtɒnɪk ˈstres/

Environmental conditions imposing osmotic stress where external solute concentration exceeds cellular solute concentration, drawing water out of cells. This occurs during salinity stress, drought, and osmotic shock conditions.

Plain English

Osmotic stress where high external salt concentration pulls water out of plant cells, causing wilting and dehydration.

Etymology & History

Origin languageGreek
Roothyper (over) + tonikos (of tension)
First recorded use1960s
Usage frequencyCommon

Usage

"Halophytes adapt to hypertonic stress in salt marshes by accumulating compatible solutes in their vacuoles."

Style guide notes: Use 'hypertonic' when specifically referring to osmotic potential differences; distinguish from ion-specific toxicity effects.

Also known as

osmotic stress hypertonic conditions salt stress

Contrasted with

hypotonic conditions osmotic equilibrium

Related Terms

Frequently Asked Questions

What happens to plant cells under hypertonic stress?

Water exits cells through osmosis, causing plasmolysis, reduced turgor pressure, and potential cell death if stress exceeds tolerance limits.

How do plants adapt to hypertonic environments?

Plants accumulate compatible solutes like proline and betaine to decrease cellular water potential and maintain turgor pressure.

Why Test Candidates on This?

Essential for understanding salinity tolerance mechanisms and developing salt-resistant crops for degraded agricultural lands.

Required skill level: Mid

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