abdominal compartment syndrome
Pathologically elevated intra-abdominal pressure causing organ dysfunction.
Full Definition
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a condition characterized by sustained intra-abdominal pressure exceeding 20 mmHg with associated organ dysfunction. The elevated pressure compromises perfusion to abdominal organs, impairs venous return, restricts diaphragmatic excursion, and can lead to multi-organ failure. ACS commonly occurs after damage control surgery, massive resuscitation, bowel edema, or hematoma formation. Clinical signs include oliguria, elevated airway pressures, and hemodynamic instability. Diagnosis is confirmed by bladder pressure measurement. Treatment requires immediate surgical decompression through abdominal reopening, often necessitating temporary abdominal closure techniques. Prevention involves avoiding excessive fluid resuscitation and recognizing early warning signs of intra-abdominal hypertension.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as ACS; include pressure measurements and specific organ dysfunction in documentation.
In Context
- "Bladder pressure measurement confirmed abdominal compartment syndrome at 25 mmHg, prompting immediate decompression." — ICU monitoring note
- "The patient developed abdominal compartment syndrome following massive transfusion and required emergent reopening." — Trauma surgery report