subcutaneous emphysema
Pronunciation: sub-cue-TAY-nee-us em-fih-SEE-mah
Abnormal air or gas trapped beneath the skin, creating a characteristic crackling sensation on palpation.
Full Definition
Subcutaneous emphysema is the presence of air or gas within the subcutaneous tissue layers, typically resulting from pneumothorax, airway injury, or surgical complications. In acute care surgery, it may develop following chest trauma, tracheostomy, or laparoscopic procedures where CO2 gas escapes into the tissues. The condition is recognized by skin crepitation (crackling sound and sensation) on palpation and may cause visible skin distension. While often self-limiting as the gas is absorbed, extensive subcutaneous emphysema can indicate serious underlying pathology such as airway rupture or tension pneumothorax requiring immediate intervention.
Usage
Usage note: Also called surgical emphysema. Describe extent and associated symptoms. Distinguish from pneumothorax.
In Context
- "Physical examination revealed subcutaneous emphysema extending from the neck to the chest wall." — Emergency department note
- "Postoperative subcutaneous emphysema resolved spontaneously within 48 hours." — Surgical follow-up note