contrast-induced nephropathy
Acute kidney injury following intravascular contrast media administration, typically occurring within 48-72 hours.
Full Definition
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an iatrogenic form of acute kidney injury that develops following exposure to iodinated contrast agents during cardiac catheterization or CT imaging. The condition is defined as an increase in serum creatinine of 25% or 0.5 mg/dL from baseline within 48-72 hours of contrast exposure. Risk factors include pre-existing chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, dehydration, advanced age, and high contrast volumes. Prevention strategies include adequate hydration, use of iso-osmolar or low-osmolar contrast agents, minimizing contrast volume, and consideration of alternative imaging modalities in high-risk patients.
Usage
Usage note: Prevention protocols should be documented in high-risk patients; may also be referred to as contrast-associated AKI.
In Context
- "Prophylactic hydration protocols were implemented to reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy." — Cardiac catheterization pre-procedure note
- "The patient developed contrast-induced nephropathy with a creatinine rise from 1.2 to 1.8 mg/dL post-angiography." — Nephrology consultation report