coronary spasm
Sudden, temporary narrowing of a coronary artery due to smooth muscle contraction, potentially causing ischemia.
Full Definition
Coronary spasm, also known as vasospastic angina or Prinzmetal's angina, involves the sudden constriction of epicardial coronary arteries due to smooth muscle contraction. This can occur in arteries with or without significant atherosclerotic disease and may lead to transient myocardial ischemia or even myocardial infarction. Episodes often occur at rest, particularly in the early morning hours, and may be triggered by factors such as stress, cold exposure, cocaine use, or certain medications. Diagnosis may require provocative testing with agents like ergonovine or acetylcholine during cardiac catheterization.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from mechanical coronary obstruction in clinical documentation.
In Context
- "The patient's chest pain episodes suggested coronary spasm rather than fixed stenosis." — Cardiology clinic note
- "Calcium channel blockers are first-line therapy for documented coronary spasm." — Treatment protocol