carotid stenosis
Narrowing of the carotid arteries supplying blood to the brain, a major risk factor for stroke. Severity is typically quantified as percentage of luminal narrowing.
Full Definition
Carotid stenosis refers to the pathological narrowing of one or both carotid arteries, the major blood vessels supplying the anterior circulation of the brain. This condition most commonly results from atherosclerotic plaque formation within the carotid arterial system, particularly at the carotid bifurcation. Carotid stenosis is classified by the degree of luminal narrowing, with severe stenosis (≥70% narrowing) carrying the highest stroke risk. The condition can be asymptomatic or present with transient ischemic attacks, amaurosis fugax, or completed stroke. Diagnosis typically involves carotid ultrasound, CT angiography, or MR angiography. Management decisions depend on the degree of stenosis, symptom status, and patient risk factors, with options including medical management, carotid endarterectomy, or carotid artery stenting. Early detection and appropriate treatment significantly reduce stroke risk.
Usage
Usage note: Specify degree of stenosis when known. Distinguish from complete carotid occlusion.
In Context
- "Duplex ultrasound revealed severe carotid stenosis of 85% in the left internal carotid artery." — Vascular surgery consultation
- "The patient underwent carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis." — Operative report