oligoclonal bands
Pronunciation: oh-li-go-KLOH-nal
Also written as: OCBs — oligoclonal bands
Abnormal proteins found in cerebrospinal fluid that suggest inflammatory neurological conditions, particularly multiple sclerosis.
Full Definition
Oligoclonal bands are distinct bands of immunoglobulin G (IgG) detected through electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid that indicate intrathecal antibody production within the central nervous system. These bands are a key diagnostic marker for multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory neurological conditions such as neurosarcoidosis and primary CNS lymphoma. The presence of oligoclonal bands in CSF but not in serum (or additional bands in CSF compared to serum) suggests active inflammation within the brain and spinal cord. This finding, combined with clinical presentation and MRI abnormalities, helps support the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis according to McDonald criteria.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as OCBs; specify CSF vs serum when discussing test results.
In Context
- "Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed oligoclonal bands, supporting the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis." — MS diagnostic workup
- "The absence of oligoclonal bands in this patient with neurological symptoms made MS less likely." — differential diagnosis note