neuroleptic malignant syndrome
A rare but potentially fatal adverse reaction to antipsychotic medications characterized by hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction.
Full Definition
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening neurological emergency that can occur with any antipsychotic medication, though it's more common with high-potency typical antipsychotics. The syndrome typically develops over 24-72 hours and presents with four cardinal features: hyperthermia, severe muscle rigidity, autonomic instability, and altered mental status. Laboratory findings often include elevated creatine kinase, leukocytosis, and metabolic acidosis. Immediate discontinuation of the offending agent and supportive care are essential, with mortality rates ranging from 10-20% even with treatment.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as NMS in clinical notes but should be spelled out in formal reports.
In Context
- "The emergency consultation was called due to suspicion of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a patient on haloperidol." — Emergency psychiatric consultation
- "All antipsychotics were immediately discontinued given the clinical presentation consistent with neuroleptic malignant syndrome." — Treatment plan