windkessel effect
Pronunciation: VIND-kes-sel
The elastic properties of large arteries that smooth pulsatile blood flow by storing energy during systole and releasing it during diastole. Important factor in arterial compliance assessment.
Full Definition
The windkessel effect refers to the physiological mechanism whereby the elastic walls of large arteries, particularly the aorta, act as a pressure reservoir to maintain diastolic blood pressure and smooth out the pulsatile nature of cardiac output. During systole, the arterial walls stretch to accommodate the stroke volume, storing potential energy. During diastole, the elastic recoil of the vessel walls maintains forward flow and diastolic pressure. This effect diminishes with age and arterial stiffening, which can be quantified through various imaging techniques including pulse wave velocity measurements and distensibility calculations.
Usage
Usage note: German origin term; windkessel is one word, not hyphenated.
In Context
- "Reduced windkessel effect in the ascending aorta may contribute to increased pulse pressure in elderly patients." — Cardiac imaging report