visual reinforcement audiometry
A behavioural hearing test for infants and toddlers (typically 6–30 months) in which correct head-turns toward sound are rewarded with an illuminated or animated visual stimulus.
Full Definition
Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA) is a conditioned behavioural audiometric technique used with infants and young children who are developmentally too young for play audiometry but old enough to localise sound. Sounds are presented via loudspeakers or insert earphones, and when the child turns toward the source, they are reinforced by a lit-up toy or video clip. VRA allows frequency-specific threshold estimation in this age group and is considered the gold standard for behavioural testing of children aged approximately 6 to 30 months. Editors should note the abbreviation VRA and ensure it is distinguished from play audiometry, which is used with older children. Reports should specify whether testing was conducted in sound field or with ear-specific transducers.
Usage
Usage note: Abbreviate as VRA after first use. Distinguish clearly from play audiometry (used for older children, ~2.5–5 years) and behavioral observation audiometry (BOA), used for neonates.
In Context
- "Visual reinforcement audiometry was conducted in a sound field, revealing a mild flat hearing loss bilaterally." — Paediatric audiology clinical report
- "The editor queried whether 'VRA' had been defined on first use and whether the transducer type was specified." — Manuscript review note