incretin effect
Pronunciation: IN-kree-tin
Enhanced insulin secretion triggered by intestinal hormones in response to nutrient ingestion, often augmented after bariatric surgery.
Full Definition
The incretin effect refers to the glucose-dependent enhancement of insulin secretion mediated by incretin hormones, primarily GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). These hormones are released from intestinal L-cells and K-cells in response to nutrient intake, particularly carbohydrates and proteins. In healthy individuals, the incretin effect accounts for 50-70% of postprandial insulin secretion. Following certain bariatric procedures, particularly those involving intestinal rearrangement, the incretin effect is often dramatically enhanced, contributing to improved glucose homeostasis and diabetes remission. This enhanced incretin response is thought to result from rapid nutrient delivery to distal intestinal segments and increased L-cell mass or sensitivity.
Usage
Usage note: Related to but distinct from incretin mimetic medications.
In Context
- "The enhanced incretin effect following gastric bypass surgery contributes to early diabetes remission." — endocrinology consultation
- "Measurement of GLP-1 levels helps quantify the incretin effect in postoperative patients." — research protocol