tardive dyskinesia
Pronunciation: TAR-div dis-ki-NEE-sia
A potentially irreversible movement disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements that can develop as a side effect of long-term antipsychotic medication use.
Full Definition
Tardive dyskinesia is a serious neurological side effect associated with prolonged exposure to dopamine receptor blocking agents, primarily antipsychotic medications and certain antiemetics. The condition manifests as involuntary, rhythmic movements typically affecting the face, lips, tongue, trunk, and extremities, including repetitive chewing, tongue protrusion, lip smacking, and choreiform movements of the limbs. Risk factors include advanced age, female gender, duration of medication exposure, and possibly genetic predisposition. Early detection through regular monitoring using standardized assessment tools like the AIMS is crucial for management decisions. Treatment options include medication discontinuation when clinically appropriate, dose reduction, switching to atypical antipsychotics with lower risk profiles, or adding specific medications like deutetrabenazine or valbenazine. Prevention through judicious use of antipsychotics and regular monitoring remains the primary approach to managing this potentially irreversible condition.
Usage
Usage note: May be abbreviated as TD in clinical notes; always document onset timing and medication exposure history.
In Context
- "The patient developed tardive dyskinesia after fifteen years of haloperidol treatment for schizophrenia." — medication side effect documentation
- "Risk-benefit analysis was conducted before continuing antipsychotic therapy given the patient's tardive dyskinesia." — treatment planning conference