Token Economy
A behavioral management system using conditioned reinforcers that can be exchanged for backup reinforcers or privileges.
Full Definition
A Token Economy is a structured behavioral intervention system based on operant conditioning principles where individuals earn tokens or points for performing desired behaviors, which can later be exchanged for preferred activities, items, or privileges. This approach provides immediate reinforcement for appropriate behaviors while allowing for delayed access to more meaningful rewards. Token economies are commonly implemented in psychiatric hospitals, schools, and residential treatment facilities to promote treatment compliance, social skills, and adaptive behaviors.
Usage
Usage note: Should not be confused with informal or symbolic reward systems.
In Context
- "The residential unit implemented a token economy to increase patient participation in therapeutic activities." — Psychiatric hospital policy manual
- "Token economy systems showed sustained effectiveness when backup reinforcers were individualized to patient preferences." — Behavioral intervention research study