variable ratio schedule
Also written as: VR — Variable Ratio
A reinforcement schedule where reinforcement is delivered after an unpredictable number of responses, averaging around a specified ratio.
Full Definition
A variable ratio (VR) schedule is a partial reinforcement schedule in which reinforcement is provided after a varying, unpredictable number of responses that averages around a predetermined ratio. For example, a VR-5 schedule might deliver reinforcement after 3, 7, 4, 6, and 5 responses respectively, averaging 5 responses per reinforcement. This schedule typically produces high, steady response rates and strong resistance to extinction because the unpredictability maintains the individual's motivation to continue responding. Variable ratio schedules are commonly observed in gambling behaviors and are highly effective for maintaining learned behaviors in clinical settings.
Usage
Usage note: Always specify the average ratio (e.g., VR-10) and distinguish from variable interval schedules which are time-based.
In Context
- "The teacher implemented a variable ratio schedule to maintain the student's on-task behavior throughout the day." — Intervention report
- "Variable ratio schedules are particularly effective for maintaining behaviors once they have been established through continuous reinforcement." — Treatment protocol