cytopenia
Pronunciation: /ˌsaɪtoʊˈpiːniə/
A reduction in the number of blood cells, commonly occurring as a side effect of cancer treatment or due to bone marrow involvement by cancer.
Full Definition
Cytopenia refers to a decrease below normal levels in one or more types of blood cells, including red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (leukopenia), or platelets (thrombocytopenia). In cancer patients, cytopenia commonly results from chemotherapy or radiation therapy effects on bone marrow, direct bone marrow infiltration by malignant cells, or as a consequence of the underlying malignancy. Severe cytopenia can lead to complications including infection, bleeding, and fatigue, often requiring treatment delays, dose reductions, or supportive care interventions.
Usage
Usage note: Specify the type when possible (e.g., neutropenia, thrombocytopenia); pancytopenia refers to deficiency in all cell lines.
In Context
- "Chemotherapy-induced cytopenia required dose modification and growth factor support." — Treatment note
- "The patient developed severe cytopenia following the third cycle of treatment." — Adverse event report