immune checkpoint inhibitor
Also written as: ICI — Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor
A class of cancer drugs that block inhibitory signals to enhance immune system attack on tumors.
Full Definition
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are therapeutic agents that block inhibitory pathways in the immune system, allowing T cells to more effectively recognize and attack cancer cells. These drugs target checkpoint proteins like PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 that normally prevent excessive immune responses. By blocking these checkpoints, the inhibitors unleash the immune system's natural ability to fight cancer, leading to durable responses in some patients but also unique immune-related adverse events that require specialized monitoring and management.
Usage
Usage note: Hyphenate as immune checkpoint inhibitor; may be abbreviated as ICI in clinical contexts.
In Context
- "The patient developed grade 2 colitis secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy requiring corticosteroid treatment." — Adverse event report
- "Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized treatment outcomes in melanoma and lung cancer." — Oncology review article