oncogene
Pronunciation: ON-ko-jeen
A mutated or overexpressed gene that has the potential to cause cancer.
Full Definition
An oncogene is a gene that, when altered or expressed at abnormally high levels, has the potential to transform normal cells into cancerous ones. Oncogenes typically arise from normal genes called proto-oncogenes through mutations, gene amplification, or chromosomal translocations. These genes often code for proteins involved in cell growth, division, and differentiation. Common examples include MYC, RAS, and HER2. Unlike tumor suppressor genes, which require loss of function to contribute to cancer, oncogenes exert their cancer-promoting effects through gain of function. Understanding specific oncogenic drivers in tumors has led to the development of targeted therapies.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from proto-oncogene, which is the normal, non-mutated version.
In Context
- "Amplification of the MYC oncogene was detected in 15% of the tumor samples." — Genomic analysis report
- "The drug specifically targets cells with oncogene addiction." — Mechanism of action summary