Intermediate
Technical
IVT
tumor suppressor
Gene or protein that prevents uncontrolled cell growth when functioning normally.
Full Definition
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or instruct cells to die at appropriate times. When these genes are mutated or inactivated, cells can grow uncontrollably, contributing to cancer development. Classic examples include p53 (the 'guardian of the genome') and RB (retinoblastoma gene). Tumor suppressors typically require both copies of the gene to be inactivated for cancer to develop, following Knudson's two-hit hypothesis. Loss of tumor suppressor function is a fundamental mechanism in carcinogenesis.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from oncogenes, which promote cell growth when activated.
In Context
- "Mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 were detected in 60% of samples." — Molecular analysis report
- "The pathway involves multiple tumor suppressor checkpoints." — Research manuscript
Also known as
antioncogene
Contrasted with
oncogene
proto-oncogene
Don't confuse with
oncogene
DNA repair gene