IABP
Also written as: IABP — intra-aortic balloon pump
Intra-aortic balloon pump, a mechanical circulatory support device that augments cardiac output and reduces afterload.
Full Definition
The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a temporary mechanical assist device commonly used in cardiac surgery and critical care to support failing circulation. The device consists of a balloon catheter inserted into the descending aorta that inflates during diastole and deflates during systole, synchronized with the cardiac cycle. This counterpulsation mechanism increases diastolic pressure (improving coronary perfusion) while decreasing systolic pressure (reducing cardiac workload). IABP is frequently employed as a bridge to recovery following cardiac surgery, during high-risk percutaneous interventions, or as a bridge to more advanced mechanical support devices. Proper timing and positioning are crucial for optimal hemodynamic benefit.
Usage
Usage note: Use all caps for abbreviation; hyphenate intra-aortic when spelled out.
In Context
- "An IABP was inserted prophylactically due to severely reduced left ventricular function." — operative report
- "The IABP provided excellent hemodynamic support with a 1:1 augmentation ratio." — ICU progress note