cardiac tamponade
A life-threatening condition where fluid accumulation in the pericardial space compresses the heart and impairs venous return.
Full Definition
Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency characterized by the accumulation of fluid, blood, or other material in the pericardial space, creating pressure that prevents normal ventricular filling. The condition results in equalization of pressures in all cardiac chambers and severely compromised cardiac output. Classic signs include Beck's triad: elevated jugular venous pressure, hypotension, and muffled heart sounds. Pulsus paradoxus greater than 20 mmHg is often present. Immediate pericardiocentesis is typically required to relieve the compression and restore normal cardiac function.
Usage
Usage note: Always indicates a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention.
In Context
- "Emergency pericardiocentesis was performed to relieve the cardiac tamponade." — emergency department note
- "The patient presented with Beck's triad, suggesting cardiac tamponade." — admission note