coronary artery disease
Also written as: CAD — coronary artery disease
A condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked due to atherosclerotic plaque buildup.
Full Definition
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a pathological condition characterized by atherosclerotic narrowing or occlusion of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the myocardium. The disease process involves the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques within the arterial wall, leading to luminal narrowing and potential plaque rupture with subsequent thrombosis. CAD encompasses a spectrum from asymptomatic disease to stable angina, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction. Risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, and family history, while diagnosis typically involves stress testing, coronary angiography, or noninvasive imaging.
Usage
Usage note: Use 'coronary artery disease' on first mention, then 'CAD'; avoid mixing with 'coronary heart disease' in same document.
In Context
- "The stress test was positive for inducible ischemia, suggesting significant coronary artery disease." — Cardiology consultation
- "Risk factor modification remains the cornerstone of coronary artery disease prevention." — Preventive cardiology note