vasospasm
Sudden constriction of coronary arteries that can reduce blood flow and cause angina or myocardial infarction.
Full Definition
Vasospasm is the acute, temporary narrowing of coronary arteries due to smooth muscle contraction in the arterial wall. This phenomenon can occur in both normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries, potentially leading to significant reduction in coronary blood flow. Vasospasm may be triggered by stress, cold exposure, cocaine use, or certain medications. It can cause variant angina (Prinzmetal's angina) and, in severe cases, acute myocardial infarction. Diagnosis often requires provocative testing with agents like ergonovine or acetylcholine during cardiac catheterization.
Usage
Usage note: Can be written as one word or hyphenated (vaso-spasm); one word preferred.
In Context
- "The patient's chest pain episodes were attributed to coronary vasospasm confirmed by ergonovine testing." — Cardiology consultation
- "Calcium channel blockers are first-line therapy for preventing vasospastic angina." — Treatment guidelines