microalbuminuria
Pronunciation: MY-kro-al-byoo-min-YOO-ree-ah
The presence of small amounts of albumin in urine, serving as an early marker of kidney damage and cardiovascular risk in diabetes.
Full Definition
Microalbuminuria is defined as urinary albumin excretion between 30-300 mg per 24 hours or an albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 30-300 mg/g (3.4-33.9 mg/mmol), representing an intermediate stage between normal albumin excretion and overt proteinuria. It serves as the earliest detectable sign of diabetic kidney disease and is a strong predictor of progression to overt nephropathy and end-stage renal disease. Beyond its role as a marker of kidney damage, microalbuminuria is also associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in both diabetic and non-diabetic populations. The condition reflects generalized endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular permeability. Early detection through annual screening allows for timely intervention with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or other nephroprotective therapies.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from macroalbuminuria (>300 mg/g) and normal albuminuria (<30 mg/g).
In Context
- "Annual screening revealed microalbuminuria, prompting initiation of ACE inhibitor therapy." — Diabetes annual review
- "The presence of microalbuminuria significantly increases cardiovascular risk independent of other factors." — Nephrology research paper