annular dilatation
Pronunciation: AN-yuh-lar dy-lah-TAY-shun
Pathological enlargement of a heart valve annulus that disrupts normal valve function and may require surgical correction.
Full Definition
Annular dilatation refers to the pathological enlargement of a heart valve annulus, the fibrous ring that supports the valve leaflets and maintains their proper geometry. This condition most commonly affects the mitral valve but can involve any cardiac valve, leading to regurgitation due to incomplete leaflet coaptation. Causes include chronic volume overload, aging, connective tissue disorders, and endocarditis. Surgical treatment options include annuloplasty with ring insertion to restore normal annular dimensions, or valve replacement in severe cases. Medical editors should note the distinction between functional regurgitation due to annular dilatation versus primary leaflet pathology, as treatment approaches differ significantly.
Usage
Usage note: Both 'dilatation' and 'dilation' are acceptable; maintain consistency within documents.
In Context
- "Severe mitral annular dilatation was addressed with a 32-mm flexible annuloplasty ring." — operative report
- "The patient's functional mitral regurgitation was secondary to annular dilatation rather than primary leaflet disease." — echocardiography report