pericardial tamponade
Pronunciation: tam-pon-ADE
A life-threatening condition where fluid accumulation in the pericardium impairs cardiac filling and function.
Full Definition
Pericardial tamponade is a cardiac emergency characterized by accumulation of fluid, blood, or other material within the pericardial space that restricts cardiac filling and reduces cardiac output. In the postoperative cardiac surgery setting, tamponade typically results from bleeding or fluid accumulation. Classic findings include elevated and equalized filling pressures, pulsus paradoxus, and hemodynamic compromise. Diagnosis is confirmed by echocardiography showing diastolic collapse of cardiac chambers. Treatment requires emergent pericardial decompression through pericardiocentesis or surgical drainage. Early recognition and intervention are critical for patient survival.
Usage
Usage note: Hyphenate compound modifier; distinguish from simple pericardial effusion.
In Context
- "Emergency resternotomy was performed for pericardial tamponade with hemodynamic collapse." — operative report
- "The patient developed late pericardial tamponade requiring urgent pericardiocentesis." — clinical note