venous air embolism
The entrainment of air into the venous circulation, a potential complication during cardiac surgery.
Full Definition
Venous air embolism occurs when air enters the venous system and can potentially travel to the right ventricle and pulmonary circulation. In cardiac surgery, this complication can arise from open cardiac chambers, central line insertion, or inadequate de-airing techniques. Clinical manifestations include decreased cardiac output, hypoxemia, and characteristic mill-wheel murmur. Detection methods include transesophageal echocardiography, capnography showing decreased end-tidal CO2, and hemodynamic changes. Prevention involves proper surgical technique, adequate de-airing procedures, and maintaining appropriate venous pressure gradients during open-heart procedures.
Usage
Usage note: Hyphenate compound modifier; distinguish from arterial air embolism.
In Context
- "TEE monitoring revealed venous air embolism requiring immediate de-airing maneuvers." — operative report
- "Prevention of venous air embolism requires meticulous surgical technique during cardiac procedures." — clinical guideline