xenograft
A biological valve or tissue graft derived from an animal source, commonly porcine or bovine, used for cardiac valve replacement.
Full Definition
A xenograft, also known as a heterograft or bioprosthesis, is biological tissue obtained from an animal species (typically pigs or cows) and processed for use in human cardiac surgery. These grafts undergo chemical treatment, usually with glutaraldehyde, to reduce immunogenicity and improve durability. Xenografts are commonly used for valve replacement because they provide good hemodynamic performance and do not require long-term anticoagulation. However, they have limited durability compared to mechanical valves, particularly in younger patients, due to structural deterioration and calcification over time.
Usage
Usage note: Specify the animal source (porcine, bovine) and material type (valve, pericardial patch) in surgical documentation.
In Context
- "A bovine pericardial xenograft was implanted for aortic valve replacement in this 70-year-old patient." — operative report
- "The porcine xenograft showed structural valve deterioration requiring replacement after 12 years." — follow-up assessment