acute coronary syndrome
Umbrella term for conditions caused by sudden reduction in blood flow to the heart muscle.
Full Definition
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of clinical conditions resulting from acute myocardial ischemia, including unstable angina, NSTEMI, and STEMI. The underlying pathophysiology typically involves rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic plaque leading to thrombosis and coronary artery obstruction. ACS presentation may include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, or atypical symptoms particularly in women and elderly patients. Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, ECG changes, and cardiac biomarkers. Management requires urgent assessment and often emergent intervention to restore coronary perfusion.
Usage
Usage note: Use as umbrella term; specify STEMI, NSTEMI, or unstable angina when diagnosis is established.
In Context
- "The emergency protocol for acute coronary syndrome emphasizes rapid triage and assessment." — Hospital emergency department policy
- "Patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome require immediate dual antiplatelet therapy." — Clinical treatment guideline