dilated cardiomyopathy
A heart muscle disease characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement and reduced systolic function.
Full Definition
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary myocardial disease characterized by left ventricular or biventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction in the absence of significant coronary artery disease or abnormal loading conditions. The condition can be idiopathic (50% of cases) or secondary to various causes including genetic mutations, viral myocarditis, alcohol abuse, chemotherapy, or metabolic disorders. Patients typically present with symptoms of heart failure including dyspnea, fatigue, and exercise intolerance. Echocardiography reveals increased end-diastolic dimensions and reduced ejection fraction, typically <40%. The diagnosis is supported by cardiac MRI and exclusion of other causes of heart failure. Treatment includes guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure, and genetic counseling is recommended for familial cases. Advanced therapies may include cardiac resynchronization therapy, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, or heart transplantation.
Usage
Usage note: Commonly abbreviated as DCM; distinguish from ischemic cardiomyopathy caused by coronary artery disease.
In Context
- "The echocardiogram showed features consistent with dilated cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction of 25%." — Diagnostic report
- "Family screening was recommended given the patient's newly diagnosed DCM and family history." — Genetics consultation