endocarditis
Pronunciation: en-do-kar-DY-tis
Infection or inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, often caused by bacteria.
Full Definition
Endocarditis is a serious infection involving the endocardium, particularly the heart valves, caused most commonly by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus species. The condition can be acute or subacute, with acute endocarditis progressing rapidly and potentially causing severe valve destruction, while subacute forms develop more slowly with subtle symptoms. Risk factors include intravenous drug use, prosthetic valves, congenital heart disease, and poor dental hygiene. The infection can lead to vegetation formation on valve leaflets, systemic emboli, and heart failure if left untreated. Diagnosis relies on blood cultures and echocardiographic findings according to modified Duke criteria.
Usage
Usage note: May be specified as 'infective' or 'bacterial' endocarditis for clarity in clinical contexts.
In Context
- "The patient's persistent fever and new heart murmur raised suspicion for infective endocarditis." — Clinical assessment
- "Prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for high-risk patients undergoing dental procedures to prevent endocarditis." — Prevention guideline