hypertrophy
Pronunciation: hi-PER-tro-fee
Abnormal enlargement of heart muscle cells leading to increased wall thickness.
Full Definition
Cardiac hypertrophy involves the enlargement of individual myocytes leading to increased ventricular wall thickness and mass, typically developing as a compensatory response to chronic pressure or volume overload. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is most commonly seen in hypertension, aortic stenosis, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, while right ventricular hypertrophy occurs with pulmonary hypertension or congenital heart disease. Initially adaptive, hypertrophy can become maladaptive over time, leading to diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmias, and eventual heart failure. Diagnosis relies on echocardiography, cardiac MRI, or ECG criteria, though imaging provides more accurate assessment. Treatment focuses on addressing underlying causes and may include antihypertensive medications, surgical intervention for structural disease, or specific therapies for cardiomyopathy.
Usage
Usage note: Specify chamber when possible (left ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular hypertrophy).
In Context
- "Echocardiography revealed severe concentric left ventricular hypertrophy consistent with hypertensive heart disease." — Cardiac imaging interpretation
- "The patient's ECG showed voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy with strain pattern." — Electrocardiogram reading