ischemia
Pronunciation: is-KEE-mee-ah
Inadequate blood supply to tissue or organs, resulting in oxygen and nutrient deficiency.
Full Definition
Ischemia refers to insufficient blood flow to tissues, resulting in inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to meet metabolic demands. In cardiovascular contexts, myocardial ischemia is the most clinically relevant form, typically caused by coronary artery stenosis, spasm, or thrombosis. Ischemia can be acute (as in myocardial infarction) or chronic (as in stable angina), reversible or irreversible. The severity and duration of ischemia determine whether tissue damage occurs, progressing from reversible dysfunction to irreversible necrosis. Detection methods include stress testing, cardiac imaging, and biomarker analysis. Management focuses on restoring blood flow through medical therapy, percutaneous intervention, or surgical revascularization, along with strategies to reduce oxygen demand.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from 'infarction' (tissue death); specify organ/tissue when possible.
In Context
- "Exercise stress testing revealed inducible ischemia in the inferior wall territory." — Stress test interpretation
- "Silent ischemia was detected on ambulatory ECG monitoring in this diabetic patient." — Cardiology consultation note