pericardium

Full Definition

The pericardium is a fibrous sac that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessels. It consists of two layers: the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium, which itself has two layers (parietal and visceral). The space between these layers contains a small amount of pericardial fluid that lubricates the heart's movements. Conditions affecting the pericardium include pericarditis (inflammation), pericardial effusion (excess fluid), and cardiac tamponade (compression of the heart).

Usage

Usage note: Distinguish from myocardium (heart muscle) and endocardium (inner heart lining).

In Context

• "Echocardiography revealed a moderate pericardial effusion without hemodynamic compromise." — Cardiology imaging report
• "Acute pericarditis typically presents with chest pain that worsens when lying flat." — Emergency medicine assessment