ECMO
Pronunciation: ECK-moh
Also written as: ECMO — extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation providing temporary cardiac and/or pulmonary support in critically ill patients.
Full Definition
ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) is a form of mechanical circulatory support that provides temporary life support for patients with severe cardiac and/or respiratory failure. The system pumps blood from the patient's body to an artificial lung (oxygenator) that removes carbon dioxide and adds oxygen, then returns the blood to the patient. ECMO can be configured for veno-venous support (respiratory failure) or veno-arterial support (cardiac failure). In cardiovascular surgery, ECMO is used for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock, bridge to transplantation, or as rescue therapy for patients who cannot be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass.
Usage
Usage note: Specify VA-ECMO (veno-arterial) or VV-ECMO (veno-venous) when the configuration is relevant.
In Context
- "The patient required VA-ECMO support for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock following complex aortic surgery." — intensive care unit report
- "ECMO cannulation was performed through peripheral vessels to avoid additional surgical trauma." — procedural note