spasticity
Pronunciation: spas-TIS-it-ee
Velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone causing stiffness and resistance to passive movement, common in cerebral palsy.
Full Definition
Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by increased muscle tone that worsens with rapid movement and results in stiff, jerky movements. It occurs due to damage to the upper motor neurons in the brain or spinal cord, commonly seen in cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, and other neurological conditions affecting children. The condition manifests as hyperactive stretch reflexes, clonus, and the classic 'clasp-knife' phenomenon where resistance suddenly decreases during passive stretching. Spasticity can significantly impact a child's functional abilities, including walking, fine motor skills, and activities of daily living, often requiring multidisciplinary management including physical therapy, medications, and sometimes surgical interventions.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from rigidity (not velocity-dependent) and dystonia (movement disorder); often graded using standardized scales.
In Context
- "The child's lower extremity spasticity improved following intrathecal baclofen pump placement." — neurosurgery consultation note
- "Physical examination revealed grade 2 spasticity in the right upper extremity using the Modified Ashworth Scale." — pediatric neurology assessment