focal cortical dysplasia
Also written as: FCD — focal cortical dysplasia
Localized brain malformation causing abnormal cortical architecture and often epilepsy.
Full Definition
A localized developmental malformation of the cerebral cortex characterized by abnormal cortical architecture, including disrupted lamination, dysmorphic neurons, and sometimes balloon cells. Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is classified into three main types based on histological features, with Type II being most strongly associated with medically refractory epilepsy. The condition often presents with seizures that may be amenable to surgical resection if the dysplastic tissue can be completely removed. FCD represents one of the most common causes of surgically treatable epilepsy in children.
Usage
Usage note: Commonly abbreviated as FCD. Classification types should be capitalized (Type I, Type II).
In Context
- "Histopathology confirmed Type IIb focal cortical dysplasia with balloon cells." — Neuropathology report
- "The epileptogenic focus corresponded to an area of focal cortical dysplasia on high-resolution MRI." — Presurgical epilepsy evaluation