craniectomy
Pronunciation: kray-nee-EK-toh-mee
Surgical removal of part of the skull without replacement, typically performed to reduce intracranial pressure.
Full Definition
A craniectomy is a neurosurgical procedure involving the permanent removal of a portion of the skull bone to reduce intracranial pressure or provide brain decompression. Unlike craniotomy, the removed bone is not replaced immediately and may require a separate cranioplasty procedure months later for skull reconstruction. This procedure is commonly performed in cases of severe traumatic brain injury, large strokes with significant swelling, or other conditions causing dangerous intracranial pressure elevation. Decompressive hemicraniectomy is a specific type performed for malignant middle cerebral artery infarctions.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from craniotomy (temporary bone removal) and note that cranioplasty may be required later for reconstruction.
In Context
- "Emergency decompressive craniectomy was performed to manage malignant cerebral edema." — trauma surgery report
- "The patient required cranioplasty six months after the initial craniectomy for skull reconstruction." — reconstructive surgery plan