Parkinson disease
A progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement, characterized by tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
Full Definition
Parkinson disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting the substantia nigra in the brainstem, leading to dopamine deficiency and characteristic motor symptoms. The classic tetrad includes resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, though non-motor symptoms such as depression, cognitive changes, and autonomic dysfunction are increasingly recognized. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the presence of motor signs and response to dopaminergic therapy. The disease typically begins unilaterally and progresses asymmetrically, distinguishing it from other parkinsonian syndromes. Treatment focuses on symptomatic relief through dopamine replacement therapy and supportive care.
Usage
Usage note: Note: 'Parkinson disease' without apostrophe is preferred in modern medical usage over 'Parkinson's disease'.
In Context
- "The patient met clinical criteria for Parkinson disease with asymmetric resting tremor and good response to levodopa." — Movement disorder clinic note
- "Early-stage Parkinson disease was diagnosed based on unilateral bradykinesia and cogwheel rigidity." — Neurological assessment