vasospasm
Pronunciation: VAY-zoh-spazm
Constriction of cerebral blood vessels, commonly occurring after subarachnoid hemorrhage and potentially causing delayed brain ischemia.
Full Definition
Cerebral vasospasm refers to the narrowing or constriction of intracranial blood vessels, most commonly occurring as a complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage. This delayed complication typically develops 3-14 days after the initial hemorrhage and can lead to delayed cerebral ischemia and stroke. The pathophysiology involves inflammatory responses and smooth muscle contraction triggered by blood breakdown products in the subarachnoid space. Vasospasm can be detected through transcranial Doppler studies or conventional angiography and may require treatment with calcium channel blockers, balloon angioplasty, or intra-arterial vasodilators to prevent permanent neurological deficits.
Usage
Usage note: Context usually cerebral vasospasm. Specify timing relative to initial hemorrhage when applicable.
In Context
- "Transcranial Doppler studies revealed significant vasospasm in the middle cerebral artery territory." — neurocritical care monitoring
- "The patient developed symptomatic vasospasm requiring endovascular intervention with balloon angioplasty." — interventional radiology report