cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers
Measurable substances in CSF that indicate pathological processes in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly useful in dementia diagnosis.
Full Definition
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are proteins or other molecules found in the cerebrospinal fluid that reflect ongoing pathological processes in the brain and can aid in diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases. The most established CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease include amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), total tau, and phosphorylated tau (p-tau). Decreased Aβ42 levels combined with increased total tau and p-tau levels suggest Alzheimer's disease pathology. Other emerging biomarkers include neurofilament light chain (indicating neuronal damage) and α-synuclein (for synucleinopathies). These biomarkers are increasingly used in research and clinical practice to support diagnostic decisions.
Usage
Usage note: Spell out 'cerebrospinal fluid' on first use; specify which biomarkers when relevant.
In Context
- "CSF biomarkers showed the classic Alzheimer's pattern with low Aβ42 and elevated tau proteins." — Laboratory results
- "Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers may help distinguish Alzheimer's disease from other dementia types." — Diagnostic guidelines