corpus callosotomy
Pronunciation: KOR-pus kal-oh-SOT-oh-mee
A surgical procedure that severs the corpus callosum to treat severe, medically refractory epilepsy.
Full Definition
Corpus callosotomy is a neurosurgical procedure involving the partial or complete division of the corpus callosum, the major fiber bundle connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. This surgery is primarily performed to treat severe, generalized epilepsy that has not responded to medication, particularly drop attacks and atonic seizures. The procedure aims to prevent the spread of seizure activity between hemispheres. While it can significantly reduce seizure frequency and severity, it may result in disconnection syndrome symptoms where the two brain hemispheres cannot communicate effectively, leading to specific cognitive and behavioral changes.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from other epilepsy surgeries; specify partial vs. complete when relevant.
In Context
- "Following corpus callosotomy, the patient showed marked reduction in drop seizures but developed mild disconnection symptoms." — Surgical outcome report
- "Neuropsychological testing before corpus callosotomy is essential to predict potential cognitive sequelae." — Pre-operative assessment