tau protein
Pronunciation: tow PRO-teen
A microtubule-associated protein that, when abnormally phosphorylated, forms neurofibrillary tangles characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies.
Full Definition
Tau protein is a normal component of neurons that helps stabilize microtubules in the cytoskeleton. In healthy brains, tau is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation processes. However, in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions called tauopathies, tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and aggregates into paired helical filaments that form neurofibrillary tangles. These tangles disrupt normal cellular functions and contribute to neuronal death. Tau pathology is one of the hallmark features of Alzheimer's disease, along with amyloid plaques.
Usage
Usage note: Lowercase 'tau' when referring to the protein; capitalize when part of a specific test name.
In Context
- "CSF tau protein levels were elevated, consistent with ongoing neurodegeneration." — Laboratory report
- "The distribution of tau protein pathology follows a predictable pattern in Alzheimer's disease progression." — Neuropathology findings