Plastic Bronchitis
Rare Fontan complication involving formation of rigid bronchial casts causing airway obstruction.
Full Definition
Plastic bronchitis is a rare but serious complication of Fontan circulation characterized by the formation of thick, rubbery bronchial casts that obstruct the airways. These casts consist of fibrin, mucin, and inflammatory cells, forming rigid structures that conform to the bronchial tree anatomy. The condition is thought to result from altered lymphatic drainage and elevated systemic venous pressure characteristic of Fontan physiology. Clinical presentation includes sudden onset of respiratory distress, cough, and expectoration of cast material. Episodes can be life-threatening due to complete airway obstruction. Treatment involves bronchoscopic removal of casts, tissue plasminogen activator therapy, and addressing underlying hemodynamic abnormalities. Prevention strategies may include lymphatic interventions or cardiac catheterization procedures.
Usage
Usage note: Not related to plastic materials; refers to the rigid, cast-like consistency of the bronchial secretions.
In Context
- "Emergency bronchoscopy was performed to remove plastic bronchitis casts from the right main bronchus." — Emergency Report
- "Plastic bronchitis remains one of the most challenging late complications of Fontan circulation." — Literature Review