capnography
Pronunciation: kap-NOG-ruh-fee
Continuous monitoring and graphical waveform display of the concentration of carbon dioxide in a patient's exhaled breath, used to assess ventilatory status during sedation or anesthesia.
Full Definition
Capnography is a real-time monitoring technique that measures end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO₂) levels in exhaled gas, producing a waveform known as a capnogram. In dental anesthesiology, it serves as a key safety monitor for detecting respiratory depression, airway obstruction, or apnea, especially in sedated patients who are not intubated. Current guidelines from the American Dental Association and the American Society of Anesthesiologists classify capnography as a required or strongly recommended monitor for moderate and deep sedation and general anesthesia in dentistry. Editors working on clinical documentation should ensure 'capnography' is not confused with 'pulse oximetry,' which measures oxygenation rather than ventilation. The capnogram waveform and numerical EtCO₂ values should be recorded accurately in anesthesia records.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish carefully from 'pulse oximetry.' Capnography monitors ventilation (CO₂ exhalation); pulse oximetry monitors oxygenation (SpO₂). Both are often used simultaneously but serve different clinical purposes.
In Context
- "Capnography confirmed adequate ventilation throughout the IV sedation case." — Anesthesia record
- "Per updated ADA guidelines, capnography is now required for all deep sedation procedures performed in the dental office." — Continuing education article