Caries
Pronunciation: KAIR-eez
A multifactorial infectious disease of the tooth structure caused by acid produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary sugars, resulting in progressive demineralisation of enamel and dentin.
Full Definition
Dental caries is both a disease process and the resulting lesion; the word is both singular and plural in professional usage ('a caries lesion' or 'caries lesions'). The caries process involves a dynamic interplay of the host (tooth), microbiota (primarily Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species), substrate (fermentable carbohydrates), and time. Early-stage caries presents as a white spot lesion and may be reversed with remineralising agents; advanced caries requires restorative intervention. Dental hygienists play a central role in caries prevention through patient education, fluoride application, and sealant placement. Editors should note that 'caries' is not pluralised by adding an 's'; the form 'carieses' is incorrect.
Usage
Usage note: 'Caries' is both singular and plural. 'Cavity' is acceptable in patient-facing copy but should be avoided in formal clinical documentation in favor of 'carious lesion' or 'caries lesion'.
In Context
- "The hygienist's assessment identified active caries on the occlusal surface of tooth 46, requiring urgent dentist referral." — Clinical assessment form
- "Note that 'caries' functions as both singular and plural; do not write 'a carie' or 'carieses'." — Editorial style note