Cortical Bone
The dense, compact outer layer of bone that provides primary mechanical anchorage for a dental implant.
Full Definition
Cortical bone is the hard, calcified outer shell of alveolar bone, as distinguished from the trabecular or cancellous bone within. In implant dentistry, engagement of cortical bone — especially at the crestal and apical regions — is critical to achieving primary stability. Editors should recognise this term in drilling protocol descriptions, radiographic assessments, and bone density classifications (e.g., Misch Bone Quality types). Cortical thickness influences drill speed selection and is frequently cited in CBCT analysis reports. Overheating of cortical bone during osteotomy is a recognised cause of implant failure.
Usage
Usage note: Avoid using 'cortical' as a standalone noun in clinical documents; pair it with 'bone' or 'plate' for clarity.
In Context
- "The implant apex engaged 2 mm of cortical bone at the inferior border, contributing to a recorded insertion torque of 45 Ncm." — Operative report
- "Thin cortical bone at the labial plate was identified as a risk factor in the pre-surgical CBCT report." — Radiographic assessment