Fluorosis
Pronunciation: floo-ROH-sis
A developmental defect of enamel caused by excessive fluoride ingestion during tooth formation, resulting in characteristic white opacities or brown staining.
Full Definition
Dental fluorosis results from chronic ingestion of fluoride above recommended levels during the period of enamel mineralisation in childhood. Clinically it ranges from faint white striations (mild, Dean's Index score 1–2) to pitting, brown staining, and surface breakdown (severe, score 4). It is distinguished from other enamel defects such as molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and amelogenesis imperfecta by its bilateral and symmetrical distribution and correlation with fluoride exposure history. Editors should note that 'fluorosis' without qualification refers to dental fluorosis; skeletal fluorosis is a distinct systemic condition and must be qualified. Dean's Fluorosis Index is the standard classification referenced in public health dentistry documents.
Usage
Usage note: Always qualify as 'dental fluorosis' in documents that also discuss skeletal fluorosis. Replace the archaic synonym 'mottled enamel' in formal clinical copy.
In Context
- "Population survey data indicated a prevalence of mild-to-moderate fluorosis in 34% of children in the high-fluoride endemic area." — Public health dentistry report
- "The manuscript uses 'mottled enamel' throughout; this archaic term should be replaced with 'dental fluorosis' to align with current nomenclature." — Editorial revision note