TMD
Also written as: TMD — Temporomandibular Disorder
An umbrella term for a group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and associated structures, characterised by orofacial pain and functional limitation.
Full Definition
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions involving the temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles, and adjacent hard and soft tissues. Clinical features commonly include preauricular pain, restricted or deviated jaw opening, joint sounds, and headache. TMD is distinguished from the anatomical abbreviation TMJ (the joint itself), a confusion that frequently appears in patient education materials and clinical correspondence. Classification systems such as the DC/TMD (Diagnostic Criteria for TMD) are used in research and specialist practice. Editors should ensure the abbreviation TMD is expanded on first use in formal documents.
Usage
Usage note: Expand on first use as 'temporomandibular disorder (TMD)'; do not conflate with TMJ, which denotes the anatomical joint.
In Context
- "The patient was referred to the orofacial pain clinic with a provisional diagnosis of TMD." — General dental referral letter
- "Treatment protocols for TMD range from conservative splint therapy to surgical joint intervention." — Continuing professional development article