papillary muscle rupture
A mechanical complication of myocardial infarction involving tear or complete rupture of the papillary muscles, causing acute severe mitral regurgitation.
Full Definition
Papillary muscle rupture is a rare but life-threatening complication typically occurring 2-7 days after myocardial infarction, particularly inferior wall MI affecting the posteromedial papillary muscle. Complete rupture causes acute, severe mitral regurgitation with rapid hemodynamic deterioration, while partial rupture may present with variable degrees of mitral insufficiency. This mechanical complication requires immediate recognition and urgent surgical intervention, as medical management alone carries extremely high mortality.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from other mechanical complications of MI when documenting differential diagnosis.
In Context
- "Echocardiography revealed papillary muscle rupture with flail mitral leaflet and severe regurgitation." — Cardiology consultation note
- "The patient developed cardiogenic shock secondary to papillary muscle rupture complicating inferior STEMI." — Emergency department note